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  <span class="target" id="module-optuna"></span><div class="section" id="core">
<h1>Core<a class="headerlink" href="#core" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<dl class="py function">
<dt id="optuna.create_study">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">optuna.</code><code class="sig-name descname">create_study</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n">storage</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="default_value">None</span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n">sampler</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="default_value">None</span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n">pruner</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="default_value">None</span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n">study_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="default_value">None</span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n">direction</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="default_value">'minimize'</span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n">load_if_exists</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="default_value">False</span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/optuna/study.html#create_study"><span class="viewcode-link">[源代码]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#optuna.create_study" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>创建新 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.Study" title="optuna.study.Study"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Study</span></code></a>.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">参数</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>storage</strong> -- <p>数据库 URL. 如果该参数被设置成 None, 那么Optuna将使用 in-memory 存储。此时，<a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.Study" title="optuna.study.Study"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Study</span></code></a> 将无法被持久化。</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>当数据库 URL被传入该方法后，optuna 会在内部调用  <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlalchemy.org/">SQLAlchemy</a> 来处理数据库。具体细节见 <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/core/engines.html#database-urls">SQLAlchemy's document</a> 如果你想定制 <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/core/engines.html">SQLAlchemy Engine</a> 的话，你可以在将 <a class="reference internal" href="storages.html#optuna.storages.RDBStorage" title="optuna.storages.RDBStorage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RDBStorage</span></code></a>  实例化时传入你想要的参数并且将该实例，而不是一个URL, 作为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">storage</span></code> 参数传进去。</p>
</div></blockquote>
</div>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>sampler</strong> -- Sampler 对象负责实现参数值采样。如果该参数设置为 <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(在 Python v3.8)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a> 的话，默认 sampler 将是 <a class="reference internal" href="samplers.html#optuna.samplers.TPESampler" title="optuna.samplers.TPESampler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TPESampler</span></code></a>. 具体见 <a class="reference internal" href="samplers.html#module-optuna.samplers" title="optuna.samplers"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">samplers</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>pruner</strong> -- Prunner 对象，决定是否提前终止无望的 trial. 具体见 <a class="reference internal" href="pruners.html#module-optuna.pruners" title="optuna.pruners"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pruners</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>study_name</strong> -- Study 名。如果该参数被设置成 None 的话，optuna 将自动生成一个唯一的 study name.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>direction</strong> -- 优化的方向。设置成 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minimize</span></code> 的话就是最小化，反之 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maximize</span></code> 则是最大化。</p></li>
<li><p><strong>load_if_exists</strong> -- 用于处理冲突的 study 名的选项。如果 <cite>load_if_exists`</cite> 是设置成  <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#False" title="(在 Python v3.8)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code></a> 的话，当 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">storage</span></code> 中已经存在了一个名为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">study_name</span></code> 的 study 时 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#optuna.exceptions.DuplicatedStudyError" title="optuna.exceptions.DuplicatedStudyError"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DuplicatedStudyError</span></code></a> 异常就会被抛出。否则，创建 study 的过程将会被跳过，而已经存在的那个 study 会被加载。</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">返回</dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.Study" title="optuna.study.Study"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Study</span></code></a> object.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
<p>这是 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.create_study" title="optuna.study.create_study"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optuna.study.create_study()</span></code></a> 的一个别名。</p>
</div>
<dl class="py function">
<dt id="optuna.load_study">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">optuna.</code><code class="sig-name descname">load_study</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n">study_name</span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n">storage</span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n">sampler</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="default_value">None</span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n">pruner</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="default_value">None</span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/optuna/study.html#load_study"><span class="viewcode-link">[源代码]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#optuna.load_study" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>加载一个已经指定名称的已存在的 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.Study" title="optuna.study.Study"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Study</span></code></a>.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">参数</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>study_name</strong> -- Study 名。每一个 study 都有一个作为标识符的唯一的名字。</p></li>
<li><p><strong>storage</strong> -- 类似 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite:///example.db</span></code> 的数据库URL. 更多细节见 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.create_study" title="optuna.study.create_study"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_study()</span></code></a> 的文档。</p></li>
<li><p><strong>sampler</strong> -- Sampler 对象负责实现参数值采样。如果该参数设置为 <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(在 Python v3.8)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a> 的话，默认 sampler 将是 <a class="reference internal" href="samplers.html#optuna.samplers.TPESampler" title="optuna.samplers.TPESampler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TPESampler</span></code></a>. 具体见 <a class="reference internal" href="samplers.html#module-optuna.samplers" title="optuna.samplers"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">samplers</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>pruner</strong> -- Prunner 对象，决定是否提前终止无望的 trial. 如果该选项设置成 <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(在 Python v3.8)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>  的话, <a class="reference internal" href="pruners.html#optuna.pruners.MedianPruner" title="optuna.pruners.MedianPruner"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MedianPruner</span></code></a> 将会作为默认 pruner 被启用。参见 <a class="reference internal" href="pruners.html#module-optuna.pruners" title="optuna.pruners"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pruners</span></code></a>.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
<p>这是 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.load_study" title="optuna.study.load_study"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optuna.study.load_study()</span></code></a> 的一个别名。</p>
</div>
<dl class="py function">
<dt id="optuna.delete_study">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">optuna.</code><code class="sig-name descname">delete_study</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n">study_name</span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n">storage</span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/optuna/study.html#delete_study"><span class="viewcode-link">[源代码]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#optuna.delete_study" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>删除 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.Study" title="optuna.study.Study"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Study</span></code></a> 对象。</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">参数</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>study_name</strong> -- Study 名。</p></li>
<li><p><strong>storage</strong> -- 类似 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite:///example.db</span></code> 的数据库URL. 更多细节见 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.create_study" title="optuna.study.create_study"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_study()</span></code></a> 的文档。</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
<p>这是 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.delete_study" title="optuna.study.delete_study"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optuna.study.delete_study()</span></code></a> 的一个别名。</p>
</div>
<dl class="py function">
<dt id="optuna.get_all_study_summaries">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">optuna.</code><code class="sig-name descname">get_all_study_summaries</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n">storage</span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/optuna/study.html#get_all_study_summaries"><span class="viewcode-link">[源代码]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#optuna.get_all_study_summaries" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>获取指定存储内的所有 study 历史记录。</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">参数</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>storage</strong> -- 类似 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite:///example.db</span></code> 的数据库URL. 更多细节见 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.create_study" title="optuna.study.create_study"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_study()</span></code></a> 的文档。</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">返回</dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>以 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.StudySummary" title="optuna.study.StudySummary"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StudySummary</span></code></a> 形式总结的 study 列表。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
<p>这是 <a class="reference internal" href="study.html#optuna.study.get_all_study_summaries" title="optuna.study.get_all_study_summaries"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optuna.study.get_all_study_summaries()</span></code></a> 的一个别名。</p>
</div>
<dl class="py class">
<dt id="optuna.TrialPruned">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">optuna.</code><code class="sig-name descname">TrialPruned</code><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/optuna/exceptions.html#TrialPruned"><span class="viewcode-link">[源代码]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#optuna.TrialPruned" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>被剪枝 trial 异常。</p>
<p>该报错告诉使用者当前 <a class="reference internal" href="trial.html#optuna.trial.Trial" title="optuna.trial.Trial"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Trial</span></code></a> 已被剪枝。如下例所示，它会在 <a class="reference internal" href="trial.html#optuna.trial.Trial.should_prune" title="optuna.trial.Trial.should_prune"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optuna.trial.Trial.should_prune()</span></code></a> 之后被抛出：</p>
<p class="rubric">示例</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.datasets</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">load_iris</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.linear_model</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">SGDClassifier</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.model_selection</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">train_test_split</span>

<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">optuna</span>

<span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">load_iris</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">return_X_y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">X_train</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X_valid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_train</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_valid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">train_test_split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">classes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unique</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">objective</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">trial</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="n">alpha</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">trial</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">suggest_uniform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;alpha&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">clf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SGDClassifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">alpha</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">n_train_iter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span>

    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">step</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_train_iter</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">clf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">partial_fit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X_train</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_train</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">classes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">classes</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="n">intermediate_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">clf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">score</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X_valid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_valid</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">trial</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">report</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">intermediate_value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">step</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">trial</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">should_prune</span><span class="p">():</span>
            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">optuna</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TrialPruned</span><span class="p">()</span>

    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">clf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">score</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X_valid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_valid</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="n">study</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">optuna</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_study</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">direction</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;maximize&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">study</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">optimize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">objective</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_trials</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
<p>这是 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#optuna.exceptions.TrialPruned" title="optuna.exceptions.TrialPruned"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optuna.exceptions.TrialPruned()</span></code></a> 的一个别名。</p>
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